The presumption of innocence

“Everyone charged with a penal offence has the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law in a public trial at which he has had all the guarantees necessary for his defence.”

Universal Declaration of Human Rights, article 11 (1).

The right of defence

“In the determination of any criminal charge against him, everyone shall be entitled to the following minimum guarantees, in full equality:

 To be tried in his presence, and to defend himself in person or through legal assistance of his own choosing; to be informed, if he does not have legal assistance, of this right; and to have legal assistance assigned to him, in any case where the interests of justice so require, and without payment by him in any such case if he does not have sufficient means to pay for it.”

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, article 14 (3 d).